Mosquitoes exposed to DEET once are less repelled by it a few hours later

Feb. 20, 2013 ? Mosquitoes are able to ignore the smell of the insect repellent DEET within a few hours of being exposed to it, according to research published February 20 in the open access journal PLOS ONE by James Logan, Nina Stanczyk and colleagues from the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, UK.

Though most insects are strongly repelled by the smell of DEET, previous studies by Logan's research group have shown that some flies and mosquitoes carry a genetic change in their odor receptors that makes them insensitive to this smell. The new results reported in the PLOS ONE study uncover a response in mosquitoes based on short-term changes, not genetic ones.

"Our study shows that the effects of this exposure last up to three hours. We will be doing further research to determine how long the effect lasts," says Logan.

In this study, the authors tested changes in responses to DEET in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, which are notorious for biting during the day and are capable of transmitting dengue fever. They found that a brief exposure to DEET was sufficient to make some mosquitoes less sensitive to the repellent. Three hours after the exposure, these mosquitoes were not deterred from seeking attractants like heat and human skin despite the presence of DEET. The researchers found that this insensitivity to the smell could be correlated to a decrease in the sensitivity of odor receptors on the mosquito's antennae following a previous exposure. "We think that the mosquitoes are habituating to the repellent, similar to a phenomenon seen with the human sense of smell also. However, the human olfactory system is very different from a mosquito's, so the mechanism involved in this case is likely to be very different," explains Logan.

He adds, "This doesn't mean that we should stop using repellents -- on the contrary, DEET is a very good repellent, and is still recommended for use in high risk areas. However, we are keeping a close eye on how mosquitoes can overcome the repellent and ways in which we can combat this."

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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Public Library of Science.

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Journal Reference:

1. Nina M. Stanczyk, John F. Y. Brookfield, Linda M. Field, James G. Logan. Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes Exhibit Decreased Repellency by DEET following Previous Exposure. PLoS ONE, 2013; 8 (2): e54438 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054438

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: Views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/top_news/top_science/~3/MeQEiUU0SxU/130220184949.htm

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Healthy Self Improvement Tips For Creative Personal Growth

Self-betterment can truly transform your life in a positive way. You will wonder how to start making decisions to positively change your life. This article offers proven advice for creating your own successful personal development plan.

Perhaps stress is keeping you from feeling happy. When we are feeling stressed, our minds aren?t just affected. Our entire bodies are too. So that we think clearly and work toward our goals in life, it is important that we eliminate stress from our minds. Schedule some time every day simply to unwind. Just sit back, let your mind go blank, and think about what?s important to you. Taking a little bit of time for yourself will help you stay calm, and keep your goals in mind.

TIP! You should always aspire to becoming the best. Follow your passion to the greatest possible aspirations.

Use your core principles to guide you as you begin to take action. Everyone has certain beliefs that reinforce their sense of self at the core. If you apply your principles to your daily life you will feel better about yourself and the choices you make. Doing this will help you develop consistency, which is a good trait to have.

Know that where you are now is not the same as where you want to be. In order to improve yourself, you first have to come to that realization. Without a clear understanding of exactly where you need to go, the process of achieving your self improvement goals will be long and frustrating.

The most important person to please is yourself; your self-esteem and happiness should come before anyone else?s opinion or desire. This doesn?t mean that you should only think of yourself, but in some cases, you really need to put yourself first. Stay true to who you are as well as your moral compass.

TIP! The first step towards personal development is learning how to be a leader. While there are multiple ways to define leadership, most people regard it as influence.

You can learn how to handle difficult problems without over-reacting. If you learn how to handle the most stressful situations in life, then the smaller stuff will feel manageable, making your daily life better. Remember to always stop and breathe deeply to regain your poise.

Try to avoid unneeded stress whenever possible. Reacting too strongly to negative events will just make you more stressed, which is the last thing you need. Know that things sometimes go wrong when working on a goal, so find ways to overcome the obstacle instead of feeling defeated when they pop up.

Seek out other like-minded individuals. The right people will help you stay motivated to pursue your goals. Avoid people who have no respect for what you are trying to achieve.

TIP! Take some risks to be truly happy! Being a little too risk-averse carries its own dangers, because someone who avoids failure or rejection at all costs can wind up feeling safe, but unsatisfied. It takes bravery to take risks, and bravery can be vital in building yourself the kind of life you really want.

Make concrete plans for your life and take actions to accomplish those goals. A plan for your ideal life is a great starting point, but a plan without action will get you nowhere. Make your dreams reality by taking decisive action.

Weight loss is not the only reason that people need to exercise. There are lots of good, healthy reasons for exercising. It helps stimulate your body so that you can create chemicals that make you calmer and happier.

Don?t use shopping as a comfort technique. If you devote all your time and money to the pursuit of shopping as a hobby, you are almost certain to end up broke amid a heap of credit card statements. Find a more engaging activity, and save yourself the stress and debt.

TIP! If you are anxious about social interactions, try just going to a movie with a friend. This gives you the opportunity to engage in a social activity that does not have a lot of risk.

To be the best person you can be, you need to treat your body well. Listen to the signals your body sends you: tiredness, hunger, pain or discomfort. Respond right away to them, for the sake of your health. When you take care of yourself, you will find less medical problems in the future. Ignoring your body?s signals will only hurt you in the long run.

Faith is important to your plans for self improvement, and love is what keeps your faith alive. You can not have faith without love. You will also make decisions guided by your core beliefs. Serve others when they need help, and commit yourself to doing things that demonstrate your love.

As pointed out here, helping yourself in a continuing process that requires the pursuit of knowledge and more than a little hard work. It is also true that in order to see results, you have to keep at it. A more fulfilling life can be just as accessible as this article.

Source: http://www.activeagingsolutions.com/healthy-self-improvement-tips-for-creative-personal-growth/

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Re: Python trademark under attack -- the PSF needs your help ...

Giles Coochey, 15.02.2013 12:24:
 > On 14/02/2013 21:52, Steven D'Aprano wrote:>> Hello all,>>>> The Python Software Foundation is the organisation which protects and>> manages the "boring" bits of keeping a big open source project alive: the>> legal and contractual parts, funding for projects, trademarks and>> copyrights.>>>> If you are based in Europe, or know somebody who uses Python in Europe, the>> PSF needs your help.>>>> There is a company in the UK who has applied to trademark the name "Python">> and are claiming the *exclusive* right to use the word "Python" for>> software, servers, and web services over the entire European Union.>>>> You can read more about this here:>>>> http://pyfound.blogspot.com/2013/02/python-trademark-at-risk-in-europe-we.html>>>>>> If you have documentation of European user groups, trade associations,>> books, conferences, scans of job advertisements for Python programmers,>> software that uses some variation of "Python" in the name, etc. your>> evidence will be helpful in defeating this attempted grab of the Python>> name.>>> Err...> http://www.amazon.co.uk/s/ref=nb_sb_noss_1?url=search-alias%3Daps&field-keywords=python> > > One would think that is enough. 8,457 published results - practically all> of them referring to Python (the language), none to my knowledge referring> to [domain stripped]> > Surely and open/shut case. 
 I'm sure it's a pure marketing thing for their domain. I'd expect the
 number of links to their site to rise rapidly during the next weeks, that's
 very likely worth the bit of money they'd pay to their lawyer(s). Seriously
 - who's ever heard of them before this? So it worked already, didn't it?
 
 My advice: don't mention their name or their domain in any of your blog
 posts etc., and definitely don't link to them.
 
 Stefan
 
 
 -- 
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
 
 

Source: http://code.activestate.com/lists/python-list/636191/

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Professor Martin Hall | University of Salford Manchester

Vice-Chancellor

Professor Martin Hall is a historical archaeologist and strategic leader. He joined the University of Salford in April 2009 as VC Designate, before taking up his role as VC on 1 August, 2009.

He believes that universities are engines of economic, social and cultural transformation and are able to draw on knowledge from around the world and celebrate diversity.

The University of Salford, he says, offers a wonderful learning environment for students with strong opportunities in research, innovation, enterprise and employer and community engagement. Salford is in a unique position to be able to develop these areas significantly.

Professor Hall wants the University to play a key role in re-connecting with local communities and creating economic and social value and believes that intense local engagement - social responsiveness?- leads to academic excellence and international recognition.

He is particularly interested in projects and policies that contribute to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and to the objective of Greater Manchester becoming a low-carbon city and believes that universities should take a lead in this.

His position on equality diversity is clear, and twofold.? First, there can be no tolerance for unfair discrimination, whether on the basis of race, gender, age, disability, religion or sexual orientation.? Secondly, enhancing diversity is key to building a university as a knowledge community, since advancing diversity brings key assets in the way we see, understand and interpret the world.

Salford can become a new sort of university with its late 19th century tradition: that richness of the past and traditional excellence and the new developments such as Media City and key partnerships in health care management and science and technology can forge an opportunity for it to further sharpen its leading edge.

Professor Martin Hall has a career that has spanned both political change and transformation in South Africa and new directions in archaeology over the past four decades. He has written extensively on South African history, culture and higher education policy.

Born in Guildford, Professor Hall holds dual British and South African citizenship. After undertaking undergraduate and post-graduate studies in archaeology at the University of Cambridge he moved to South Africa in 1974.

He was for a time President of the World Archaeological Congress and General Secretary of the South African Archaeological Society. After working at two major museums in the 1980s, he moved to UCT in 1983, where he led the Centre for African Studies and later became the Head of the Department of Archaeology.

He was the inaugural Dean of Higher Education Development between 1999 and 2002 when he was able to exercise another of his interests, academic technology for innovative teaching and learning ? particularly the use of digital and new media.

As Deputy Vice-Chancellor at UCT for six years he had responsibilities for strategic, academic and budget planning.

He had a high profile with employers in the city of Cape Town and the wider region and has developed relationships with US-based foundations to negotiate financial support and grants for UCT.

Martin Hall has a strong commitment to community engagement and has played a key leadership role in his university?s work in Cape Town including innovative programmes to combat HIV/AIDS.

Professor Hall is married with three children. His wife, Professor Brenda Cooper, is an academic specialising in post-colonial and African literature.

Back to top

Source: http://www.salford.ac.uk/vc

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UPDATE 2-China's CITIC buys $467 mln stake in Australia's Alumina

Wed Feb 13, 2013 11:37pm EST

* CITIC pays 3 pct premium for strategic stake

* CITIC stake capped at 15 pct for two years

* Alumina to use funds raised to pay down debt

* Alumina shares soar 17 pct

By Sonali Paul

MELBOURNE, Feb 14 (Reuters) - China's state-owned CITIC Group has bought a A$452 million ($467 million) stake in Australia's Alumina Ltd, giving it an interest in the world's largest alumina business at a time when China has grown more dependent on alumina imports.

Alumina's shares jumped as much as 17 percent on news of the share sale, spurred by relief that the company has been shored up by a strategic investor, allowing it to pay down debt as the aluminium industry struggles with weak prices.

"This takes all the pressure off them," said Hayden Bairstow, an analyst at CLSA.

Alumina owns 40 percent of Alcoa World Alumina & Chemicals (AWAC), the world's top producer of alumina, in a joint venture with U.S. aluminium giant Alcoa.

CITIC, through its listed arm CITIC Resources Holdings and another subsidiary, will own 13 percent of Alumina following the placement, in a deal that has already won approval from the Australian and Chinese governments.

Under the terms of the agreement, the Chinese firm will be allowed to raise its holding to 15 percent and is capped at that level for two years. Beyond that it will be allowed to raise its stake to just below 20 percent.

Alumina said it would use the funds raised to pay down debt at a time when the aluminium industry has been struggling with rising energy costs and weak prices, largely due to unanticipated growth in aluminium production in China.

"CITIC's investment demonstrates their confidence in the alumina industry and their understanding of Alumina Limited's unique position in the global market," Alumina Chief Executive John Bevan said in a statement.

China has had to increase imports of alumina after Indonesia last year clamped down on exports of bauxite, which is used to produce alumina, which is then turned into aluminium. Its alumina imports nearly tripled in 2012 from the year before.

CITIC Resources, which already owns a direct 22.5 percent stake in AWAC's Portland aluminium smelter, said in a statement it considers aluminium a "key strategic commmodity".

An analyst said with bauxite supply likely to tighten by the end of this decade, CITIC's move on Alumina could help it lock in supplies down the track.

"For me it's a longer term strategic deal to secure supply. Some big projects in West Africa are a bit shaky. Indian deposits look like they will be relatively difficult to access. The bauxite market is going to get tighter from about 2017," said ANZ commodities strategist Nick Trevethan in Singapore.

As it stands, the share sale to CITIC does not involve any supply agreement.

CITIC agreed to pay A$1.235 a share for the equity stake in Alumina. Alumina's shares surged to a 14-month high of A$1.405 after the announcement and last traded up 8 percent at A$1.30, outpacing the broader market.

The struggling aluminium industry won another fillip this week when Rio Tinto agreed to keep open its Australian Gove alumina refinery, after securing gas supply from the Northern Territory government, crucial to cutting costs at the loss-making plant.

CITIC Resources previously owned a 25 percent stake in Macarthur Coal, and played a pivotal role in extracting a solid premium when the Australian miner was taken over by U.S. firm Peabody Inc in 2011, booking a A$400 million profit on that investment.

Alumina was advised by Flagstaff Partners, and CITIC was advised by ANZ Corporate Advisory.

Source: http://feeds.reuters.com/~r/reuters/mergersNews/~3/so_Qjvg7caA/alumina-citic-idUSL4N0BE1NP20130214

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Make Your Own Pocket-Sized, Grid-It-Style Organizer for $2.50

It's no secret that we're fans of products like the Grid-It for holding your cables, gadgets, and other knick-knacks. Reddit user MinimumEffort put together his own that fits right in your pocket for your most essential stuff.

We've shown you how to make your own grid-style organizer, but this (literally) little project is perfect for the essentials: your earbuds, your key, your iPod nano, or whatever. All you need is an old hardback book, a bit of elastic, some duct tape, and a stapler. Most of that stuff you probably already have around, which means this is another great DIY projects you can do with less than $3. You can make it as small or as big as you want, too?MinimumEffort even made a really tiny one for the absolute bare essentials. Check out the video above to see the process in action.

I couldn't find my dream EDC pocket organizer, so I made it for $2.50 | Reddit

Source: http://feeds.gawker.com/~r/lifehacker/full/~3/IvV7W1_CRT0/make-your-own-pocket+sized-grid+it+style-organizer-for-250

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